Social proof is evidence that other people — ideally people like the visitor — have already chosen, paid for, and benefited from your product. When someone can't fully evaluate a claim on their own, they look at what others did and copy it. That instinct is what your landing page is borrowing when it shows a testimonial, a star rating, or a customer logo.
The term comes from Robert Cialdini's Influence, where social proof is one of the core principles of persuasion: under uncertainty, people treat the behavior of others as the correct behavior. The more unsure a visitor is, and the more those others resemble them, the stronger the pull.
On a landing page the job is narrower than the psychology textbook. You're not trying to start a movement — you're trying to reduce the perceived risk of being the first or only person to hand you money or an email address. Good proof answers the silent question every cold visitor asks: 'Has someone like me done this and not regretted it?'
One distinction worth holding onto: social proof is others vouching for you. Trust signals — guarantees, security badges, refund policies — are you vouching for yourself. They solve different objections and we cover where each belongs below. Conflating them is why so many pages feel busy but still don't convince.